Genetic conflicts shape rapid evolution of reproduction and chromosomes

We are interested in how internal genetic conflicts drive the evolution of essential genes and genome architecture. Genes essential for survival and reproduction are expected to be conserved; however, some evolve rapidly or exhibit lineage-specific turnover. Similarly, while chromosomal mutations, such as fusions and translocations, are typically viewed as harmful, chromosome structures vary dramatically across species and often play key roles in speciation and the emergence of complex traits.

Our research is based on the hypothesis that these surprising evolutionary patterns are driven by internal genetic conflicts—evolutionary arms races between selfish genetic elements, such as meiotic drivers and transposons, and the host genome. These conflicts leave behind molecular scars and innovations that reshape chromatin, regulatory networks, and chromosome structures.

In our lab, we study meiotic drivers, selfish genetic elements that bias their transmission to the next generation by eliminating gametes that do not carry them. Although these elements reduce fertility, they can spread rapidly, driving the host genome to evolve countermeasures. Our research has identified and characterized a set of rapidly evolving essential genes that may play a key role in suppressing meiotic drive across species. Among these, we focus on sperm nuclear proteins, or protamines, which are essential for male fertility because they replace histones to tightly compact DNA in sperm. By uncovering the molecular mechanisms underlying meiotic drive, we aim to understand how and why male reproductive systems are evolving so rapidly across the tree of life.

We are also investigating atypical chromosomes—including sex chromosomes, germline-restricted chromosomes, and B chromosomes. These “genomic outlaws” violate Mendelian rules of inheritance and often evolve selfish strategies to increase their transmission via manipulating chromosome segregation or cell division. By studying their unusual behavior, we seek to understand how chromosomes evolve under non-Mendelian inheritance and how genomes preserve integrity while tolerating or resisting such exceptions.

Our research aims to uncover the fundamental principles of reproduction and chromosome biology and provide insights into chromosome instability and rearrangements, including those observed in diseases and cancers.